hazard



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

R. 11. HAZARD.

UNDERGROUND RAILWAY STRUCTURE. No. 314,021. Patented Mar. 17, 1885.

Q i. U m h Q. E i

w MW 5 (No Model.) 2 SheetsSheet 2.-

R;R.HAZARD.

v UNDERGROUND RAILWAY STRUCTURE.

No. 314,031. Patented Mar. 17, 1885.

N. PE'IE RS. Fhu'o'lilhngnpher. wan-i n nnnnn C.

STATES UNITE PATENT RO\VLAND ROBINSON HAZARD, OF NEYV YORK, N. Y.

ziPECIPICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 314,021, dated March17, 1885.

Application filed July 11, 1854. (X0 model.) Patented in England August6, 1884, No. 11.000, and in France August 9,1884, No. 151,159

To aZZ whom, it may concerw Be it known that I, ROWLAND ROBINSON HAZARD,a citizen ofthe United States, residing in the city, county, and Stateof New York, have invented an Improvement in Underground-RailwayStructures, of which the following is a specification.

The objects of my invention are to economize space in the constructionof underground railway structures and at the same time to se curethorough ventilation; also to largely diminish in such a structure thenoise occasioned by the passage of trains. These several objects Iaccomplish by the means hereinafter fully described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a transverse section of aseries of railway-tunnels constructed in accordance with my in-'vention, and Fig. 2 is a horizontal cross-section of a column and panelsbetween the tunnels. Fig. 3 is a horizontal cross-section of a column,showing the deflecting-plates secured to the same. Fig. 4. is anelevation on a reduced scale, showing parts of two columns and thedeflecting-plate extending from one to the other.

An underground-railway structure to meet the demands of a populouscity-such, for instance, as New York-must be provided with fourtracks-two for express and two for ac commodation trains. It is a factthat in the narrow streets of a city there is not sufficient space toconstruct side by side four singletrack tunnels with the usual thickwalls intervening. A single tunnel provided with four tracks could beconstructed in some streets, but in this construction it is not possibleto obtain good and thorough ventilation. To secure this it is necessaryto provide a separate tunnel for each track, and in order that theaggregate width of the four tunnels may not be greater than available, Iconstruct the same in the following manner: Between the tracks, and atsuitable intervals, (preferably of four or five feet,) supporting postsor columns, as A, of iron or steel, are erected, of any convenient formin cross-section, but preferably of the form shown in Fig. 2, and of awidth in cross-section of about four inches. These columns, togetherwith the similar columns of the outer walls of the tunnels, support thegirders B, which carry the roof or roadway of the street, in anyapproved manner, and are calculated to bear the maximum strain. In thespace between the columns are secured, by any suitable means, sheets,plates, or panels 0, of strong but thin material-such, for instance, asiron or steel plates, wood, heavy paper boards, or leather-in fact, anymaterial sufficiently strong not to be broken or ruptured by thepressure of the air during the passage of trains. I prefer, however, touse a non-resonant material, and of the many materials of this nature Iprefer to use one consisting of a woven metallic material similar toheavy iron-wire fabric, grating, or lat tice-work, overlaid on one orboth sides by material furnishes the requisite stiffness andunbreakableness, and this being its function it is evident that thematerial need not be woven; but the wires, rods, or bars of which it iscomposed may be tied, riveted, or otherwise fastcned together. The flaxfiber covered by Oxidized or solidified oil imparts anonresonantcharacter to the panels or sheets. as-

sists to make them unbre ilgable, and renders them proof againstdampness. To secure these ends, I prefer to use flax fiber treated asdescribed; but any other material serving the same purpose may beemployed. These plates,

sheets, or panels are preferably made of a size (say four by ten feet)to fit the spaces between the columns, and may be. readily fastened atthe sides by bolts to the extended flange of one Of the angle-irons ofeach column, as shown in Fig. 2, or otherwise, but preferably withclamping bars and bolts. The sheets or panels may be secured at the topand bottom, or they may be left free, with or without re-enforcenient. Ido not limit myself to any particular means of fastening the panels tothe columns, as any suitable means may be used.

The series of columns with the panels secured thereto form a very thinand at the same time a very strong wall between the tunnels, enablingfour tunnels to be constructed side by side in narrow streets, andcompletely separating one tunnel from another, so that a train in motionmay act similarly to a piston in an open cylinder1l. 6., may displacethe airwhereby good ventilation is obtained. Further,when the panels areconstructed of a non-resonant material according to the second part ofmy invention, the noise which would be caused by the passage of a trainthrough a resonant tunnel is obviated.

A continuous deflecting plate, as D, is secured to said columns, andprevents injury to the same by deflecting any blow imparted by acarriage in case of accident or otherwise.

It is evident that my invention is also applicable to less or more thanfour adjacent tunnels, as heretofore described, and I do not,

therefore, desire to limit myself to any particular number of adjacenttunnels.

In the drawings I have shown a new disposition and location ofwater-pipes, sewers, gas mains, steam-heating pipes, electric conduits,&c., i'orthe purpose ofcompensating municipal and vested rights, andreplacing plant preoccupying the space taken for the tunnels; but I makeno claim herein to the novel features thereof.

WVhat I claim. and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates, is-

1. An underground-railway structure constructed with a thin wall betweenits tracks, whereby the space necessarily occupied is reduced to aminimum and proper ventilation obtained, substantially as described.

2. An underground-railway structure constructed with a thin wall ofnon-resonant material between its tracks, whereby the space necessarilyoccupied is reduced to a minimum, proper Ventilation obtained, and thenoise caused by the passage of trains is obviated.

3. An underground-railway structure constructed with a series of columnsbetween its tracks, and a series of panels in the spaces ROWLANDROBINSON HAZARD.

XVit-nesses:

J OSIAH Low BLAcKwnLL, ERNEST CoTTERsEL.

